中文說「桌上有一本書」「公園裡有很多人」,這種「有」在英文裡不是用 have,而是 there is/there are。這篇先分清楚什麼時候用哪一個。
先看名詞是單數還是複數
- there is + 單數名詞 / 不可數名詞
- there are + 複數名詞
There is a book on the table. — 桌上有一本書。
There are three books on the table. — 桌上有三本書。
There is some water in the bottle. — 瓶子裡有一些水。
water 沒有複數形,所以就算聽起來「很多」,還是用 there is。
否定句:直接在 is/are 後面加 not
There isn't a shop near here. — 這附近沒有商店。
There aren't any shops near here. — 這附近沒有商店。(複數)
否定句常常搭配 any,肯定句則習慣用 some,這一點可以參考可數與不可數名詞那篇。
疑問句:is/are 移到 there 前面
Is there a bus stop near here? — 這附近有公車站嗎?
Are there any parks in this city? — 這座城市有公園嗎?
回答用 Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. / Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.,不要說 Yes, it is.,這是初學者很容易講錯的地方哦。
問數量:How many/How much
How many students are there in your class? — 你們班有多少學生?
How much money is there in your wallet? — 你的錢包裡有多少錢?
能數的名詞用 How many(後面接複數),不能數的用 How much(後面接單數動詞 is),先看名詞就好哦。
過去式:there was/there were
要講以前的事,把 is 換成 was,are 換成 were 就好:
There was a big tree here. — 這裡以前有一棵大樹。
There were a lot of people at the party. — 派對上有很多人。
其他時態也一樣邏輯,先把現在式練熟,之後換掉動詞就好,不用整句重學哦。
小測驗
先自己想,再看括號裡的答案。
- ___ a cat on the sofa. (There is)
- ___ any eggs in the fridge? (Are there)
- How many chairs ___ in this room? (are there)
- ___ a lot of snow last winter. (There was)
四題都對的話,這個句型就穩了!
我剛學英文的時候,一直想把「有」直接翻成 have,後來才發現 there is/are 才是對的用法,欸欸這個真的滿多人會卡住的。
看完之後,下面那顆「我學會了」按一下,讓我知道你學會了吧 (❛◡❛✿)