Tom broke the window. 是一個普通的句子。如果對方說是 Mary 弄壞的,你想糾正,可以說 It was Tom who broke the window.。同一個意思,把 Tom 放到前面的位置,就被強調出來了。這類句型叫分裂句(cleft sentence),cleft 是「被劈開」的意思哦。
it 分裂句:It is/was ... that/who
結構是 It + be + 被強調的部分 + that/who + 其餘部分:
It was Tom who broke the window. — 打破窗戶的是 Tom。
It was the window that Tom broke. — Tom 打破的是那扇窗戶。
It was yesterday that we met. — 我們是昨天遇到的。
It was in Paris that we first met. — 我們是在巴黎第一次見面的。
被強調的部分可以是主詞、受詞,或是時間、地點這類副詞成分。人可以用 who 或 that,物和其他成分用 that。要強調的成分,就放在 be 動詞後面。
用來糾正或釐清
分裂句很適合放在有人搞錯、你要更正的時候:
A: Mary broke the window, right? — Mary 打破了窗戶,對吧?
B: No, it was Tom who broke it. — 不是,是 Tom 打破的。
It's not the money that matters. It's the time we spend together. — 重要的不是錢,而是我們相處的時間。
what 分裂句:What ... is ...
另一種結構是把要說的內容放在最後:What + 子句 + be + 被強調的部分,也叫 pseudo-cleft(假分裂句):
What I need is a cup of coffee. — 我需要的是一杯咖啡。
What annoyed me was his attitude. — 讓我煩的是他的態度。
What she did was call the police. — 她做的事是報警。
最後一句的動詞,可以用原形(call),有時也會看到 to call。
除了 what,還可以用 the thing that、the reason why、the place where 等說法:
The reason I'm calling is to ask about the schedule. — 我打電話來是想問行程。
The place where we met was a small café. — 我們見面的地方是一間小咖啡館。
倒過來寫也可以
what 分裂句可以左右對調,把被強調的內容放在句首,what 子句放在最後:
A cup of coffee is what I need. — 一杯咖啡才是我需要的。
His attitude was what annoyed me. — 讓我煩的就是他的態度。
這種寫法的語氣更直接、更有力哦!
幾個細節
- 時態要配合:It was ... that 用於過去,It is ... that 用於現在,不要忘記 be 動詞的時態。
- 被強調的部分不是動詞本身:It is 後面通常接名詞、代名詞或副詞成分,不會直接放一個動詞。想強調動作,就用 what 分裂句(What she did was call ...)。
- who 的動詞要配合被強調的名詞:It is the students who are late.,複數的名詞,動詞用 are。
什麼時候用?
分裂句是「強調」用的,不是每個句子都要套哦。寫作時,用來修正誤解、強調對比、把新資訊放在句尾引起注意,效果很好;一篇文章裡用太多,會顯得刻意。也可以配合倒裝句那篇一起看,兩者都是強調的工具,只是做法不一樣。
小測驗:把句子改成分裂句
先自己想,再看括號裡的答案。
- Tom broke the window. (It was Tom who broke the window.)
- We met in Paris. (It was in Paris that we met.)
- I need more sleep. (What I need is more sleep.)
- His honesty impressed me. (What impressed me was his honesty.)
分裂句其實不難,重點是知道它在強調什麼。多看幾個例子,你就會發現英文文章裡意外地常見哦。
看完之後,下面那顆「我學會了」按一下,讓我知道你學會了吧 (❛◡❛✿)